Cary G Dean.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This article appeared as part of a feature in the December 8, 1995 issue of Executive Intelligence Review.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
by Richard Freeman
The control apparatus
The control of food for use as a weapon is an ancient practice.
The House of Windsor inherited certain routes and infrastructure.
One finds the practice in ancient Babylon/Mesopotamia 4,000 years ago.
In Greece, the cults of Apollo, Demeter, and Rhea-Cybele often controlled the shipment of grain and other food stuffs, through the temples.
In Imperial Rome, the control of grain became the basis of the empire.
Rome was the center.
Conquered outlying colonies in Gaul, Brittany, Spain, Sicily, Egypt, North Africa, and the Mediterranean littoral had to ship grain to the noble Roman families, as taxes and tribute.
Often the grain tax was greater than the land could bear, and areas of North Africa, for instance, were turned into dust bowls.
(Just like their doing today)
The House of Windsor inherited certain routes and infrastructure.
One finds the practice in ancient Babylon/Mesopotamia 4,000 years ago.
In Greece, the cults of Apollo, Demeter, and Rhea-Cybele often controlled the shipment of grain and other food stuffs, through the temples.
In Imperial Rome, the control of grain became the basis of the empire.
Rome was the center.
Conquered outlying colonies in Gaul, Brittany, Spain, Sicily, Egypt, North Africa, and the Mediterranean littoral had to ship grain to the noble Roman families, as taxes and tribute.
Often the grain tax was greater than the land could bear, and areas of North Africa, for instance, were turned into dust bowls.
(Just like their doing today)
The evil city-state of Venice took over grain routes, particularly after the Fourth Crusade (1202-04).
The main Venetian thirteenth century trading routes had their eastern termini in Constantinople, the ports of the Oltremare (which were the lands of the crusading States), and Alexandria, Egypt.
Goods from these ports were shipped to Venice, and from there made their way up the Po Valley to markets in Lombardy, or over the Alpine passes to the Rhone and into France.
Eventually, Venetian trade extended to the Mongol empire in the East.
The main Venetian thirteenth century trading routes had their eastern termini in Constantinople, the ports of the Oltremare (which were the lands of the crusading States), and Alexandria, Egypt.
Goods from these ports were shipped to Venice, and from there made their way up the Po Valley to markets in Lombardy, or over the Alpine passes to the Rhone and into France.
Eventually, Venetian trade extended to the Mongol empire in the East.
By the fifteenth century, although Venice was still very much a merchant empire, it had franchised some of its grain and other trade to the powerful Burgundian duchy, whose effective headquarters was Antwerp.
This empire, encompassing parts of France, extended from Amsterdam and Belgium to much of present-day Switzerland.
From this Venetian-Lombard-Burgundian nexus, each of the food cartel's six leading grain companies was either founded, or inherited a substantial part of its operations today.
This empire, encompassing parts of France, extended from Amsterdam and Belgium to much of present-day Switzerland.
From this Venetian-Lombard-Burgundian nexus, each of the food cartel's six leading grain companies was either founded, or inherited a substantial part of its operations today.
By the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the British Levant and East India companies had absorbed many of these Venetian operations.
In the nineteenth century, the London-based Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange became the world's leading instrument for contracting for and shipping grain.
In the nineteenth century, the London-based Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange became the world's leading instrument for contracting for and shipping grain.
The five privately held grain companies were carved out from the centuries-old Mesopotamian-Venetian-Burgundian-Swiss-Amsterdam grain route, which today extends around the world.
The Big Five are Cargill, Continental, Louis Dreyfus, Bunge and Born, and Andre.
The Continental Grain Company is run by billionaire Michel Fribourg and his son Paul.
Simon Fribourg started the company in 1813 in Arlon, Belgium.
He moved the company to Antwerp, and then, in the 1920s, to Paris and London.
Today, it has a New York office, along with a strong Swiss-French base.
The Big Five are Cargill, Continental, Louis Dreyfus, Bunge and Born, and Andre.
The Continental Grain Company is run by billionaire Michel Fribourg and his son Paul.
Simon Fribourg started the company in 1813 in Arlon, Belgium.
He moved the company to Antwerp, and then, in the 1920s, to Paris and London.
Today, it has a New York office, along with a strong Swiss-French base.
In 1852, Leopold Louis Dreyfus, who was born in Sierentz, France, established wheat-trading operations in Basel, Switzerland.
In this century, except during World War II, Louis Dreyfus has been headquartered in Paris (part of the old Lombard-Burgundian route).
In this century, except during World War II, Louis Dreyfus has been headquartered in Paris (part of the old Lombard-Burgundian route).
Bunge and Born was founded by the Bunge family from Amsterdam in 1752.
The company was eventually moved to Antwerp (today it is technically headquartered in Sao Paulo, Brazil and the Netherlands Antilles).
The Andre Company was founded by Georges Andre in Nyon, Switzerland, and today is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The company was eventually moved to Antwerp (today it is technically headquartered in Sao Paulo, Brazil and the Netherlands Antilles).
The Andre Company was founded by Georges Andre in Nyon, Switzerland, and today is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cargill Company, the world's largest grain company, is based in the Minneapolis, Minnesota suburb of Minnetonka.
It was founded by Scotsman William Cargill, in Conover, Iowa in 1865, and has been run, since the 1920s, by the billionaire MacMillan family.
It was founded by Scotsman William Cargill, in Conover, Iowa in 1865, and has been run, since the 1920s, by the billionaire MacMillan family.
But the true nexus of Cargill is in Geneva, Switzerland, where Cargill's international trading arm, Tradax, Inc., is headquartered, having been established there in 1956 (technically, Tradax is a Panamanian-registered company).
Tradax has divisions all around the world, including in Argentina, Germany, and Japan.
It is the major source for Cargill's international trading;
Cargill has a lot of money invested in it, and Cargill reaps a large return from Tradax's operations.
Tradax also has partial Swiss ownership.
The Lombard, Odier Bank, as well as the Pictet Bank, both old, private and very dirty Swiss banks, own a chunk of Tradax.
The principal financier for Tradax is the Geneva-based Credit Suisse, which is one of the world's largest money-launderers.
It is the major source for Cargill's international trading;
Cargill has a lot of money invested in it, and Cargill reaps a large return from Tradax's operations.
Tradax also has partial Swiss ownership.
The Lombard, Odier Bank, as well as the Pictet Bank, both old, private and very dirty Swiss banks, own a chunk of Tradax.
The principal financier for Tradax is the Geneva-based Credit Suisse, which is one of the world's largest money-launderers.
Archer Daniels Midland's purchase of Topfer, a Hamburg, Germany-based grain company, vastly increased ADM's presence in the world grain trade.
Topfer's trade is situated within the old Venice-Swiss-Amsterdam-Paris routes, and it has extensive business partnerships with the British Crown jewel, the Rothschild Bank.
( As you can see folk's this has been going on for a very long time, and really there is nothing new under the sun, and if we'r just going to sit back and let them get away with it then they will.)
(LET THE REVOLUTION BEGIN)
Topfer's trade is situated within the old Venice-Swiss-Amsterdam-Paris routes, and it has extensive business partnerships with the British Crown jewel, the Rothschild Bank.
( As you can see folk's this has been going on for a very long time, and really there is nothing new under the sun, and if we'r just going to sit back and let them get away with it then they will.)
(LET THE REVOLUTION BEGIN)
About the Author:
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment